Authorship Criteria and Author Contributions

1. Authorship Criteria

BELGI: Journal of Islamic Business and Decision Sciences requires authorship to reflect substantial intellectual and scholarly contributions to the reported work. To qualify for authorship, each individual must meet all of the following criteria:

Make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study, the acquisition of research data, or the analysis or interpretation of the data.
Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
Approve the final version of the manuscript submitted for publication.
Agree to be accountable for their contributions and to help ensure that questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All individuals listed as authors must satisfy these criteria. Authorship should not be granted solely on the basis of seniority, institutional position, funding acquisition, administrative support, or general supervision without the required scholarly contributions.

Individuals who have contributed to the research but do not meet the authorship criteria should be acknowledged appropriately, with their permission. Examples may include administrative assistance, routine technical support, or other contributions that do not satisfy the authorship requirements.

BELGI does not permit guest, gift, honorary, or ghost authorship. All eligible authors must be appropriately credited, and individuals who have not made qualifying contributions must not be listed as authors.

2. Author Contributions and the CRediT Taxonomy

BELGI requires authors to provide a transparent statement identifying the specific contributions of each author. The journal adopts the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), comprising 14 standardized contributor roles, to facilitate consistent reporting of individual contributions.

The 14 CRediT roles are:

Conceptualization: Formulation or development of the overarching research goals and aims.
Data curation: Management, organization, annotation, cleaning, and maintenance of research data.
Formal analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal analytical techniques.
Funding acquisition: Obtaining financial support for the research leading to the publication.
Investigation: Conducting research activities, including data or evidence collection.
Methodology: Development or design of the research methodology, including analytical approaches and models.
Project administration: Management and coordination of research planning and execution.
Resources: Provision of research materials, instruments, data access, computing resources, or other essential resources.
Software: Programming, software development, implementation, or testing of software and computational tools used in the research.
Supervision: Oversight, leadership, and mentorship of research planning and execution.
Validation: Verification of the reproducibility or reliability of research findings and outputs.
Visualization: Preparation and presentation of figures, tables, graphical outputs, or other visual representations of the research.
Writing – original draft: Preparation of the initial manuscript, including substantive translation where applicable.
Writing – review and editing: Critical review, commentary, revision, and editing of the manuscript.

Authors should assign only roles that accurately reflect the contributions made by each individual. One author may perform multiple roles, and a role may be shared by several authors. Not every role is applicable to every study.

Where appropriate, contributions may be identified as lead, equal, or supporting. These qualifiers should be used only when they accurately represent the relative contributions of the individuals involved.

The CRediT contribution statement does not replace the journal's authorship eligibility criteria. A contribution role, such as funding acquisition or supervision, does not by itself establish eligibility for authorship.

3. Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The corresponding author is responsible for coordinating communication with the editorial office and confirming that:

All listed authors meet the journal's authorship criteria.
All authors have approved the submitted manuscript and agreed to the author list and order.
The author-contribution statement accurately reflects each author's work.
Relevant funding sources, conflicts of interest, ethical approvals, and other required disclosures have been provided, where applicable.
All authors are informed of editorial decisions and any substantive changes to the manuscript.

The corresponding author must not include or exclude individuals from the author list without appropriate justification and agreement from the authors concerned.

4. Changes in Authorship

Any proposed addition, removal, or rearrangement of authors after initial submission must be communicated to the editorial office with a written explanation. The request must include confirmation of agreement from all authors concerned, including any individual being added or removed.

BELGI reserves the right to suspend editorial processing while a proposed authorship change is assessed. Changes will be considered only when adequately justified and consistent with the journal's authorship policy and publication ethics requirements.

5. Author Accountability and Publication Ethics

All authors are responsible for the integrity of the published work and must cooperate in addressing concerns about research accuracy, originality, authorship, data integrity, or research ethics.

Suspected inappropriate authorship, undisclosed contributions, or disputes concerning authorship will be assessed by the editorial team in accordance with the journal's publication ethics procedures and relevant COPE guidance.

By submitting a manuscript to BELGI, authors confirm that the author list and contribution statements are accurate, complete, and agreed upon by all listed authors.